Program Description
Hepatorenal syndrome-acute kidney injury (HRS-AKI) is a rapidly progressive renal dysfunction that typically occurs in patients with advanced liver disease. The exact pathophysiology of HRS is not clearly understood and its exact incidence is unknown. However, recent publications report that there are approximately 14,000 cases in the United States, and it is associated with high mortality rates. Robust evidence suggests that progression of HRS-AKI can be reversed with the administration of appropriate pharmacologic agents and supportive care. Pharmacists can help improve patient outcomes and address treatment gaps through early identification of risk factors for AKI and HRS and assessing use of medications that can cause AKI. As medication experts, pharmacists can collaborate with the multidisciplinary team to provide recommendations on selection of appropriate agents for managing HRS-AKI, necessary dose adjustments, monitor for response to therapy, and assess any potential safety concerns. This article will review emerging evidence-based treatment recommendations on HRS-AKI to equip pharmacists with the tools needed to optimize therapy to improve patient outcomes.
Target audience: Health-system pharmacists
Type of activity: Application
Release date: December 16, 2022
Expiration date: December 16, 2023
Time to complete activity: 1 hour
Fee: Free
Educational Objectives
At the completion of this activity, participants will be able to:
- Explore the clinical burden, risk factors, new classification, and pathological characteristics of hepatorenal syndrome-acute kidney injury (HRS-AKI)
- Examine the safety and efficacy of current and emerging therapies for HRS-AKI and updated diagnostic criteria
- Identify the role of the pharmacist in treatment strategies for HRS-AKI and key considerations in optimal management for improved patient outcomes
Andrea Sikora, PharmD, MSCR
Clinical Associate Professor
University of Georgia College of Pharmacy
Augusta, Georgia
Pharmacy Times Continuing Education™ is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) as a provider of continuing pharmacy education. This activity is approved for 1.0 contact hour (0.10 CEU) under the ACPE universal activity number 0290-0000-22-601-H01-P. The activity is available for CE credit through December 16, 2023.
Instructions for Completing the Activity and Receiving CPE Credit
To receive CPE credit, participants must complete the pretest, review the activity in its entirety, complete the posttest, and complete the online activity evaluation. After successful completion of the online activity evaluation, you can submit your credit to CPE Monitor. You may view your credit within 48 hours at www.mycpemonitor.net. All participants must request credit before the activity expiration date. CE credit will not be issued after this date.
Disclosures
Faculty
Andrea Sikora, PharmD, MSCR, has the following financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose:
Grant/Research Support: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
Consultant: AchievCE
Pharmacy Times Continuing Education™ Planning Staff—Jim Palatine, RPh, MBA; Maryjo Dixon, RPh, MBA; Karleen Melody, PharmD; Kylie Ferrentino; Susan Pordon; Brianna Winters; and Chloe Taccetta have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose.
An anonymous peer reviewer was used as part of content validation and conflict resolution. The peer reviewer has no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose.
Educational Disclaimer
CPE activities are offered solely for educational purposes and do not constitute any form of professional advice or referral. Discussions concerning drugs, dosages, and procedures may reflect the clinical experience of the author(s) or they may be derived from the professional literature or other sources and may suggest uses that are investigational in nature and not approved labeling or indications. Participants are encouraged to refer to primary references or full prescribing information resources.
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